渤海经济无脊椎动物生态特点的研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

吴耀泉  张宝琳 《海洋科学》1990,14(2):48-52

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南海毛蚶形态特征对体重的相关分析   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

王辉  刘志刚  符世伟 《热带海洋学报》2007,26(6):58-61

随机选取同龄南海毛蚶Scapharca subcrenata雌性62只、雄性59只,测量壳长、壳厚、壳高、后闭壳肌直径、放射肋数及活体重。采用通径分析方法研究南海毛蚶5个形态特征对体重的总效应,并以综合决定系数为确定形态性状重要性的准则。结果表明,两性中壳厚、壳高和壳长与体重均为正相关(p<0.01),直接和间接途径都不是体重的限制因素。壳厚、壳高的平均综合决定系数分别为0.423和0.412,是影响体重最主要因素且都具有育种意义。  相似文献   

非均匀层结下的对称不稳定          下载免费PDF全文

张立凤  张铭 《大气科学》1997,21(5):627-632

研究了非均匀层结下的对称不稳定，给出了不稳定发生的判据，并将该微分方程的特征值问题化为一个实对称矩阵的特征值问题，还取不同的层结廓线进行了数值计算。  相似文献   

Analysis of rectangular piles subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil using a Winkler model approach          下载免费PDF全文

Hiroyoshi Hirai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2015,39(9):937-968

An analytical approach using a Winkler model based on two lateral soil displacement components in a three‐dimensional soil is investigated to provide analytical solutions of horizontal response of a rectangular pile subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil. The two lateral displacement components of a soil surrounding the rectangular pile are represented by the Fourier series of displacement potential functions in the elastic three‐dimensional analysis. The lateral stiffness coefficient of the rectangular pile shaft in nonhomogeneous soil is derived from the rocking stiffness coefficient taking into account rocking rotation of a rigid pile shaft. The relationship between horizontal displacement, rotation, moment, and shear force for the rectangular pile subjected to horizontal loads in nonhomogeneous soil is obtainable in the form of the recurrence equation. The formulation of lateral displacement and rotation for a rectangular pile subjected to lateral loads on the pile base in nonhomogeneous soil is proposed by taking into account Mindlin's equation and the equivalent thickness for soil layers in the equivalent elastic method. The difference of lateral behavior between square and circular piles subjected to lateral loads is insignificant. The effect of aspect ratio of the rectangular pile on the lateral behavior is great for the lower stiffness ratio between pile and soil and the larger length–equivalent diameter ratio. The effect of the value of Poisson's ratio of soil on lateral stiffness coefficient is relatively small except Poisson's ratio close to 0.5. The comparison of the results calculated by the current method for a rectangular pile subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soil has shown good agreement with those obtained from the analytical methods and the finite element method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Changes in survivorship,behavior, and morphology in native soft‐shell clams induced by invasive green crab predators     

W. Lindsay Whitlow 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(3):418-430

Many studies on invasive species show reduced native densities, but few studies measure trait‐mediated effects as mechanisms for changes in native growth rates and population dynamics. Where native prey face invasive predators, mechanisms for phenotypic change include selective predation, or induced behavioral or morphological plasticity. Invasive green crabs, Carcinus maenas, have contributed to declines in native soft‐shell clams, Mya arenaria, in coastal New England, USA. We tested the hypothesis that clam ability to detect chemical cues from predators or damaged conspecifics would induce greater burrowing depth as a refuge from invasive crabs, and greater burrowing would require increased siphon growth. To determine how crab predation affected clam survivorship and phenotypic traits in the field, clams in exclosure, open, and crab enclosure plots were compared. Crab predation reduced clam density, and surviving clams were deeper and larger, with longer siphons. To determine whether the mechanism for these results was selective predation or induced plasticity, phenotypes were compared between clams exposed to chemical cues from crab predation and clams exposed to seawater in laboratory and field experiments. In response to crab predation cues, clams burrowed deeper, with longer siphons and greater siphon mass. Overall, crab predation removed clams with shorter siphons at shallow depths, and crab predation cues induced greater burrowing depths and longer siphons. Longer siphons and greater siphon mass of deeper clams suggests clams may allocate energy to siphon growth in response to crabs. By determining native behavior and morphological changes in response to an invasive predator, this study adds to our understanding of mechanisms for invasive impacts and illustrates the utility of measuring trait‐mediated effects to investigate predator–prey dynamics.  相似文献   

Daily rainfall projections from general circulation models with a downscaling nonhomogeneous hidden Markov model (NHMM) for south‐eastern Australia     

Guobin Fu  Stephen P. Charles  Sergey Kirshner 《水文研究》2013,27(25):3663-3673

An ensemble of stochastic daily rainfall projections has been generated for 30 stations across south‐eastern Australia using the downscaling nonhomogeneous hidden Markov model, which was driven by atmospheric predictors from four climate models for three IPCC emissions scenarios (A1B, A2, and B1) and for two periods (2046–2065 and 2081–2100). The results indicate that the annual rainfall is projected to decrease for both periods for all scenarios and climate models, with the exception of a few scenarios of no statistically significant changes. However, there is a seasonal difference: two downscaled GCMs consistently project a decline of summer rainfall, and two an increase. In contrast, all four downscaled GCMs show a decrease of winter rainfall. Because winter rainfall accounts for two‐thirds of the annual rainfall and produces the majority of streamflow for this region, this decrease in winter rainfall would cause additional water availability concerns in the southern Murray–Darling basin, given that water shortage is already a critical problem in the region. In addition, the annual maximum daily rainfall is projected to intensify in the future, particularly by the end of the 21st century; the maximum length of consecutive dry days is projected to increase, and correspondingly, the maximum length of consecutive wet days is projected to decrease. These changes in daily sequencing, combined with fewer events of reduced amount, could lead to drier catchment soil profiles and further reduce runoff potential and, hence, also have streamflow and water availability implications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Risk assessment for the Yucca Mountain high-level nuclear waste repository site: Estimation of volcanic disruption     

Chih-Hsiang Ho 《Mathematical Geology》1992,24(4):347-364

In this article, we model the volcanism near the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, U.S.A. by estimating the instantaneous recurrence rate using a nonhomogeneous Poisson process with Weibull intensity and by using a homogeneous Poisson process to predict future eruptions. We then quantify the probability that any single eruption is disruptive in terms of a (prior) probability distribution, since not every eruption would result in disruption of the repository. Bayesian analysis is performed to evaluate the volcanic risk. Based on the Quaternary data, a 90% confidence interval for the instantaneous recurrence rate near the Yucca Mountain site is (1.85×10^–6/yr, 1.26×10^–5/yr). Also, using-these confidence bounds, the corresponding 90% confidence interval for the risk (probability of at least one disruptive eruption) for an isolation time of 10⁴ years is (1.0×10^–3, 6.7×10^–3), if it is assumed that the intensity remains constant during the projected time frame.  相似文献   

A note on the approximate determination of the dispersion of Love waves in a laterally nonhomogeneous layer lying over a homogeneous half-space     

T. K. De 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1980,118(2):1170-1178

Rayleigh's principle and the concept of the local wave number have been utilised for the approximate determination of the dispersion of Love waves propagating in a laterally heterogeneous layer lying over a homogeneous half-space. The shear wave velocity and the rigidity in the surface layer have been assumed to decrease with the increase of the lateral distance from the origin. The range of validity of the dispersion equation obtained by this method has been examined critically. It was found that: (a) for existence of Love waves the minimum value of shear wave velocity in the layer must be less than that in the matter below, and (b) the phase velocity of Love waves decreases with the increase of the lateral distance from the origin.  相似文献   

辽宁沿海菲律宾蛤仔不同地理群体形态差异研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

牛泓博  聂鸿涛  赵力强  霍忠明  杨凤  闫喜武 《海洋科学》2015,39(11):54-60

利用多变量形态度量学方法,对辽宁沿海菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)长兴岛(CXD)、旅顺(LS)、营口(YK)、盘锦(PJ)、锦州(JZH)、海洋岛(HYD)、黑石礁(HSJ)以及金州(JZ)8个野生群体进行形态学比较分析。结果表明:主成分分析得到了3个主成分,贡献率分别为40.21%,19.98%和11.57%,累积贡献率为71.75%。聚类分析结果显示,旅顺群体和锦州群体形态最为接近,而与黑石礁群体差异较大。营口群体的趋异程度最大,长兴岛群体、金州群体和海洋岛群体的趋异程度居中。长兴岛群体壳型最扁,贝壳较厚且重;营口群体软体部最肥;金州群体壳型"凸"型最明显,且质量最大,而黑石礁群体贝壳最薄。这些明显特征揭示了不同群体的形态差异。研究结果为菲律宾蛤仔的地理群体识别、种质资源保护与恢复提供了重要依据。  相似文献   

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)不同品系生长与耐高盐性状配合力及杂种优势分析     

王崇懿  王伦  刘建勇  傅学丽 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(1):161-167

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)是优质经济虾类,为培育出具有更多不同优良经济性状的优质亲本,亟需开展杂交育种工作。以凡纳滨对虾5个不同品系进行不完全双列杂交产生的F1代资料为分析对象,利用统计学和混合线性模型对生长及耐高盐性状进行配合力和杂种优势分析。结果显示,对于生长性状,5个品系中检测到的一般配合力(GCA)效应值较低,实验环境下生长性状主要受特殊配合力的影响,Z♂×Z♀、P♂×XH♀2个组合生长性状的非加性效应明显,特殊配合力(SCA)效应值分别为0.69和0.30;对于耐高盐性状,品系P、S的GCA效应值最高,分别为0.83和0.53,P♂×XH♀、S♂×S♀2个组合耐高盐性状SCA效应值最高,分别为2.67和3.37;生长和耐高盐性状配合力方差组分结果显示,3个性状的特殊配合力方差占表型方差比例均高于一般配合力;5个杂交组合中体质量和高盐耐受性状的平均杂种优势范围分别为–19.23%~18.07%和–10.50%~20.97%。P♂×XH♀组合在生长和耐高盐性状方面杂种优势明显,可以考虑加强该组合在选育及生产方面的应用。  相似文献